Impact of air pollution on birth outcomes in India
A new study from IIT Delhi, the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, and institutes in the UK and Ireland found that breathing in more air pollution during pregnancy—specifically PM2.5—raises the chances of having a baby born too early or with low birth weight.
The research points out that this isn't just a small risk: even a modest increase in pollution made these outcomes more likely.
Northern states worst affected
Northern states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Punjab, and Haryana saw the worst mix of dirty air and poor birth outcomes.
For example, nearly 4 out of 10 babies in Himachal Pradesh were born prematurely.
Meanwhile, northeastern states had cleaner air and fewer problems.
Need stronger clean air policies, say researchers
The researchers say India needs stronger clean air policies—especially up north—and more climate action plans to protect moms and babies.
Simple steps like educating pregnant women about air quality could help give newborns a healthier start.