LOADING...

Business News

No jargons, no mumbo-jumbo. Read the unadulterated Business news here.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Gold crashes 11% in 1 day after Trump nominates Fed

J.P. Morgan predicts gold prices to reach $6,300 per ounce by 2026, despite recent volatility and sharp drops in the market.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Ather Energy cuts quarterly loss by over 50%

Ather Energy reports a 50% revenue increase and a significant reduction in net loss, indicating progress towards operational profitability.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Why Parliament's return will see focus on this bankruptcy bill

The Indian government plans to reintroduce the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code amendment Bill in Parliament's second phase of the Budget session, aiming to enhance business ease.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Sensex gains 944 points, Nifty closes above 25,000

Indian equity benchmarks rebounded on February 2, with Sensex closing at 81,666 and Nifty above 25,000 following a post-budget slump.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Amazon lays off 16,000 employees in major restructuring push

Amazon's recent announcement of 16,000 job cuts includes about 1,400 in Seattle, adding to the city's tech industry woes.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Why Indian stock market is on a rollercoaster ride

The Indian stock market continues to experience volatility due to escalating global risks and underwhelming corporate earnings.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Gold, silver prices fall sharply after recent market sell-off

The recent fall in gold and silver prices has been welcomed by the jewellery industry, as previous high levels were unsustainable for buyers, according to GJEPC.

02 Feb 2026
Donald Trump

UAE firm buys 49% of Trump's crypto venture for $500M

An investment firm linked to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has acquired a nearly 50% stake in World Liberty Financial, a cryptocurrency venture co-founded by Donald Trump's family.

02 Feb 2026
Starbucks

Starbucks now plans to draw customers using AI and robotics

Starbucks is investing heavily in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics technology to improve its customer service.

02 Feb 2026
Air India

Air India resumes Shanghai-Delhi flights after nearly 6 years

Air India has resumed its direct flight services between Shanghai and New Delhi, after a gap of nearly six years.

02 Feb 2026
China

'Alchemist': Man extracts 191g gold worth $29,000 from SIM cards

A man in China's Guangdong province has gone viral for extracting gold from discarded SIM cards.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

China's tech titans are giving away $600 million in digital red envelopes

Chinese tech behemoths Alibaba, Tencent, and Baidu are enticing users with cash rewards ahead of their anticipated AI model releases, intensifying domestic competition.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Sensex crosses 81,600 mark, Nifty settles above 25,000

The Indian benchmark indices, Sensex and Nifty 50, closed with significant gains on Monday, February 2, recovering from initial losses due to pre-budget sell-offs.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Sensex gains 944 points, Nifty settles above 25,000 mark

The BSE Sensex and NSE Nifty ended Monday's volatile trading session on a high note, with the Sensex gaining 944 points and the Nifty closing above 25,050.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Union Budget 2026: MHA gets ₹2.55 lakh crore

The Union Budget 2026 has allocated over ₹2.55 lakh crore to the Ministry of Home Affairs, marking a 9.44% increase from the previous year.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Foreign investors pull out ₹36,000cr from Indian equities in January

Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) pulled out nearly ₹36,000 crore ($3.97 billion) from Indian equities in January due to ongoing global uncertainties.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Lupin launches generic version of cancer drug Dasatinib in US

Pharmaceutical company Lupin has introduced Dasatinib Tablets, a generic cancer treatment medication, in the US market following approval from the USFDA.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Zee Entertainment appoints Sandeep Mehrotra as new ad revenue COO

Zee Entertainment Enterprises has onboarded Sandeep Mehrotra, a Sony veteran, as the Chief Operating Officer – Advertisement Revenue from February 3, 2026.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Futures tumble on Trump's Fed pick

U.S. stock market futures, including S&P 500 and Dow Jones, plummeted on Monday due to concerns over President Donald Trump's nominee for the Federal Reserve chair.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Vivo crowned as India's 2025 smartphone leader: Report

Vivo led India's smartphone market in Q4 2025 with a 20% share, while Apple recorded the highest value growth of 28% YoY.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Rupee gains 42 paise against US dollar

The Reserve Bank of India's timely intervention on February 2 led to the rupee posting its biggest single-day gain in over six weeks.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Sensex gains 550 points after 2% drop on budget day

The BSE Sensex rebounded by 583.49 points, while the NSE Nifty gained 133.05 points, as markets recovered from a sharp budget-led sell-off.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

₹23,000cr investment in Tamil Nadu's tourism sector

The Government of Tamil Nadu has signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) worth ₹23,000 crores to enhance the state's tourism sector, potentially creating over 60,000 jobs.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Budget 2026 eases tax burden on foreign investors' brokers

The Indian government's 2026 budget proposal offers relief to stockbrokers by altering the application of GST to intermediary services, amidst a rise in securities transaction tax.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Why Union Budget 2026 triggered worst budget-day market drop in 6 years

The government's proposed tax increase on equity derivatives trading is expected to pressure domestic shares, as it lacks measures to curb foreign outflows.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

TVS Motor sells over half a million vehicles in January

TVS Motor Company experienced a robust 29% sales growth in January 2026, driven by strong domestic demand, expanding EV sales, and a solid export strategy.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Mark Zuckerberg's Chan Zuckerberg Initiative lays off 70 employees

The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI) is reducing its workforce by 8% as it shifts focus towards biomedical and science projects, mirroring the Gates Foundation's strategy.

02 Feb 2026
Cryptocurrency

Bitcoin hits 10-month low as economic worries weigh on markets

Bitcoin, the world's largest cryptocurrency, has hit a 10-month low in Asia trading today.

02 Feb 2026
Stock Market

These defense stocks should benefit from Budget 2026 announcements

Goldman Sachs has identified a number of defense stocks that could benefit from the Budget 2026 announcements.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Gold, silver prices crash: What's the impact on you

Gold and silver prices continue to decline after Friday's significant drop, with gold falling over 9% and silver by 15% in Asian trade on Monday.

02 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Indian bond yields hit highest level in over a year

Indian bond yields have surged to their highest level in over a year, following the government's announcement of an unprecedented debt-sale plan.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

No more 18% GST on raw tobacco: What it means

The Union Government has rescinded an 18% excise duty on unmanufactured tobacco, providing significant relief to farmers and manufacturers.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Bitcoin's value drops to lowest point since 2025

Bitcoin, the world's largest cryptocurrency, has slipped below $76,000 amid a lack of buyers and momentum, signaling a crisis of confidence.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Startup funding in India: $930 million raised across 122 deals (January)

Indian startups kicked off 2026 with a robust early-stage push, raising $930 million in January. The month saw a total of 122 deals, marking a healthy start to the year.

02 Feb 2026
Supreme Court Of India

Budget 2026: CBI allocated ₹1,100cr to tackle modern crimes

The Central Bureau of Investigatio (CBI) has been allocated ₹1,104.98 crore in the Union Budget for 2026-27.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

IndiGo adds 5x weekly flights from Delhi to London Heathrow

IndiGo is set to increase its Delhi-London Heathrow services from February 2, 2026, with five additional weekly flights.

02 Feb 2026
India

India's manufacturing sector improves slightly in January

India's manufacturing sector saw a slight improvement in January, as per the HSBC India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers's Index (PMI), compiled by S&P Global.

02 Feb 2026
Finance

Gold and silver ETFs have crashed: What should investors do?

Gold and silver exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have witnessed a sharp decline of up to 15% in 2 days in India.

02 Feb 2026
Finance

Silver prices down 39% from record high: What's the reason?

The silver prices on the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) have witnessed a major crash, falling by over 39% from their record high of ₹4,20,000.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Bitcoin falls to lowest price since April 2025

Bitcoin's value has dipped to near its lowest level since Donald Trump's return to the White House, marking its fourth consecutive monthly decline.

02 Feb 2026
AMD

Oracle to raise $50B for cloud infrastructure expansion

Oracle has announced its plan to raise between $45 billion and $50 billion in 2026.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

India's manufacturing sector edged up in January 2026: PMI rose

India's factory output improved slightly in January, as per the HSBC India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI), despite weak business optimism and subdued job growth.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Sensex gains 372 points, Nifty settles above 17,600

The Sensex and Nifty rebounded sharply from their day's low due to value buying. This recovery was also supported by a decline in crude oil prices.

02 Feb 2026
Narendra Modi

Market crash doesn't reflect Budget quality: PM's Economic Advisor

Sanjeev Sanyal, the Economic Advisor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has downplayed the recent stock market crash.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Trump suing US government for $10 billion

President Trump has filed a $10 billion lawsuit against the IRS and Treasury Department, alleging they failed to prevent his tax information leak from 2018 to 2020.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Gold, silver crash on Union Budget day: Check rates

Gold and silver exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have plummeted up to 20% as precious metal prices continue to decline, leaving investors questioning their next move.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Sensex gains 223 points as STT impact fades

After a steep sell-off due to a hike in Securities Transaction Tax, Sensex and Nifty cautiously rebounded, rising 223 points and 31 points respectively.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

RBI intervenes to prevent rupee from falling below 92/$ mark

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) likely intervened before market opening to prevent the rupee from falling to near record low levels, according to traders.

02 Feb 2026
Amazon

Oracle may cut 30,000 jobs to fund AI data centers

Oracle is reportedly planning to lay off up to 30,000 employees.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Budget shocker: Sensex tanks 1,500 points, STT hike hits derivatives

The Sensex and Nifty are likely to open flat on Monday, following a lackluster Union Budget and a broad-based sell-off during Sunday's special trading session.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Budget 2026: Tax rates on foreign remittances slashed

The Union Budget 2026 introduces income tax and customs reforms, aiming to simplify compliance and build trust between taxpayers and the State.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Budget 2026: Sitharaman announces new schemes for persons with disabilities

The Indian government has allocated funds in its 2026 budget to support livelihood opportunities and assistive devices for persons with disabilities.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

China's private manufacturing sector grows for 2nd month: PMI

China's manufacturing sector saw an increase in January, particularly in smaller, export-oriented businesses, according to a recent RatingDog survey.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Budget 2026 gives F&O traders a heart attack: Here's why

The BSE Sensex closed 1.9% lower after Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the Budget 2026, which proposed a hike in Securities Transaction Tax.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

D-Wave is moving its HQ to Florida. Here's why

In a significant blow to Silicon Valley, quantum computing firm D-Wave Quantum Inc. is moving its headquarters from Palo Alto, California to Boca Raton, Florida.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Oracle aims to raise $50B to fund cloud expansion

Oracle plans to raise between $45 billion and $50 billion in 2026 for expanding its cloud infrastructure capacity, using a mix of debt and equity financing.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Union Budget 2026: Focus on future-ready jobs, skills

The Union Budget shifts focus from job creation to building sustainable work conditions, emphasizing skilling, services, and sector-led ecosystems.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Oil prices drop 3% as US-Iran talk eases conflict fears

Oil prices plummeted by 3% as signs of de-escalation between the US and Iran emerged, reducing geopolitical risk and prompting profit-taking in the crude oil market.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

AI data centers are driving copper prices up

The surge in artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure is escalating commodity prices, pressuring margins for automakers like Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai Motor India.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

SME IPOs of NFP Sampoorna, Grover Jewells, 2 others opening

The primary market on Dalal Street is set for a busy week with four new initial public offerings (IPOs) scheduled, predominantly in the SME segment.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

NPS to launch pension scheme with medical fund

The National Pension System (NPS) is set to launch a pilot NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme, aimed at covering subscribers' medical expenses.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Government's ₹17.2 lakh crore borrowing may spike bond yields

The Indian government plans to increase market borrowings to a record Rs 17.2 lakh crore in 2026-27, potentially straining the bond market due to increased supply.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

NRIs can now invest more in Indian stocks

India is courting foreign investors with tax holidays, immunity from prosecution, and exemptions, in a bid to boost its manufacturing sector and financial engagement.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Sitharaman goes big on capex, allocates ₹12.2 lakh crore

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announces a record public capital expenditure, hitting a decade-high at 4.4% of India's GDP for the fiscal year 2026-27.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Union Budget 2026: Fiscal deficit target lowered to 4.3%

The 2026 budget showcases the Government of India's strategy to stimulate growth through targeted expenditure, while maintaining fiscal discipline and reducing the deficit.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Ford and Xiaomi deny EV partnership reports

Ford has reportedly been in discussions with Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer Xiaomi about a potential joint venture, despite denials from both companies.

02 Feb 2026
TL;DR

Budget 2026: TCS on overseas tour packages reduced to 2%

The 2026 budget proposes a significant reduction in the tax collected at source (TCS) on foreign tour packages, facilitating easier spending for Indian tourists overseas.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Fund allocation for food processing sector reduced in Budget 2026

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has presented the Union Budget 2026, her ninth consecutive central budget.

01 Feb 2026
Finance

Gold, silver prices witness crash today: Here we decode why

Gold and silver prices have witnessed a major crash today, with MCX gold April futures plunging to an intraday low of ₹1,38,634 per 10g.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Union Budget 2026: Nirmala Sitharaman allocates ₹9,000cr for GECL facility

In the Union Budget 2026, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has allocated ₹9,000 crore under the Guaranteed Emergency Credit Line (GECL) facility.

01 Feb 2026
Bangladesh

India halves foreign aid to Bangladesh amid rising anti-Hindu violence

India has slashed its foreign aid to Bangladesh by 50%, reducing the allocation from ₹120 crore to ₹60 crore.

Budget 2026: ₹28,500cr capital infusion announced for BSNL

The Indian government has announced a massive capital infusion of ₹28,473 crore for state-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) in the Union Budget 2026-27.

01 Feb 2026
Indian Government

Budget 2026: ₹9,200cr allocated for LPG connections to poor households

The Indian government has allocated ₹9,200 crore in the 2026 budget to provide Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) connections to poor households.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Only 8% of Budget allocated for climate fight  

India's Union Budget 2026-27 has come under fire for its inadequate response to the growing climate crisis.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Your stock buybacks will now be taxed as capital gains

In a major policy shift, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has proposed taxing the proceeds of stock buybacks as capital gains instead of dividend income.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Leather exporters get relief in Union Budget 2026

In a bid to boost India's leather exports, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has proposed duty-free imports of certain specified inputs in Union Budget 2026.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: 'Khelo India Mission' launched to boost sports

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced the launch of a new initiative called the 'Khelo India Mission.'

01 Feb 2026
Indian Government

Union Budget 2026: No change in gold, silver import duties

The Indian government's Budget 2026 has kept the customs duty rates for gold and silver imports unchanged.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Union Budget 2026: Agriculture culture gets ₹1.62 trillion allocation

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a budget allocation of ₹1,62,671 crore for the agriculture sector in the Union Budget 2026.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: IndiaAI mission gets ₹1,000cr allocation

In the Union Budget 2026, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a ₹1,000 crore allocation for the IndiaAI Mission.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: ₹2,000cr incentive scheme announced for UPI, RuPay cards

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a ₹2,000 crore incentive scheme for Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and RuPay debit card.

UPI transactions hit record 21.7 billion in January

The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has set a new record with 21.7 billion transactions worth ₹28.33 lakh crore in January 2026, according to data from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).

What is 'orange economy' Sitharaman mentioned in Budget speech 

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced new measures to support India's "Orange Economy," also known as the creative economy, in the Union Budget for 2026-27.

01 Feb 2026
Narendra Modi

Budget 2026 puts focus on manufacturing to boost economic growth

India's Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has unveiled the Union Budget for 2026, focusing on the manufacturing sector to drive economic growth.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Budget 2026: Healthcare allocation crosses ₹1 trillion for first time

In a major boost to the nation's healthcare sector, the Union Budget for 2026-27 has allocated ₹1,04,599 crore. This is the first time that India's healthcare budget has crossed the ₹1 lakh crore mark.

01 Feb 2026
Narendra Modi

Union Budget 2026-27 roadmap for 'Viksit Bharat 2047': PM Modi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has praised the Union Budget 2026-27 as a "historic" document and a roadmap for "Viksit Bharat 2047."

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

How India's 'rare-earth corridors' will help reduce China dependency

The Union Budget 2026 has proposed the establishment of 'rare-earth corridors' in Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh.

01 Feb 2026
Indian Government

Budget 2026: ₹1,775cr allocated to solar power sector

The Indian government has allocated ₹1,775 crore to the solar power (grid) sector in the Union Budget 2026. The move highlights India's commitment to renewable energy transition.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: No change in income tax slabs

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced the Union Budget for 2026-27.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

You can now file revised ITRs up to March 31

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced several changes in direct tax rules.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Union Budget 2026: Container manufacturing scheme worth ₹10,000cr announced

In a major move, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a dedicated scheme for establishing a domestic container manufacturing ecosystem.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Budget 2026: Modi government announces ₹5,000cr per City Economic Region

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a major initiative to boost regional urban development in India.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: Sitharaman announces measures to boost animal husbandry, fisheries

In a bid to boost rural incomes and employment opportunities, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a slew of measures for the livestock and fisheries sectors in her Budget 2026-27 speech.

01 Feb 2026
Union Budget

Defense allocation rises to ₹7.85L crore in Budget 2026

The Indian government has allocated ₹7.85 lakh crore to the defense sector in the Union Budget 2026. This is a significant increase from last year's allocation of ₹6.81 lakh crore for FY26.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: New tax reliefs and penalties announced

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced major reforms in the Budget 2026, aimed at simplifying tax administration and reducing litigation.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

How long did Sitharaman's ninth Budget speech last 

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman delivered her ninth consecutive Union Budget for FY 2026-27 on Friday.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026 sets ₹80,000cr disinvestment target for FY27

The Indian government has set a disinvestment target of ₹80,000 crore for the financial year 2026-27.

01 Feb 2026
Ladakh

Budget 2026: India to boosts astrophysics research, upgrade telescope facilities

In a major push for space science, the Union Budget has announced plans to establish and upgrade four key telescope and astronomy facilities in India.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: What becomes cheaper and costlier for you

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented her ninth consecutive Union Budget earlier today.

01 Feb 2026
Droupadi Murmu

Budget 2026: Sitharaman announces new scheme for Buddhist circuit

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a new scheme to develop a Buddhist circuit in the northeastern region of India.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: Medicines for 17 cancers to become cheaper 

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman's latest Budget has announced major changes in customs duties, especially for medicines.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026-27: India to have 5 medical tourism hubs soon

In the Union Budget 2026-27, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced plans to set up five medical tourism hubs and launch a "Biopharma Shakti programme" with an allocation of ₹10,000 crore over five years.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget Day jitters: Sensex crashes over 1,300 points

The Indian stock market witnessed a major crash on Wednesday, with the benchmark indices Sensex and Nifty falling sharply.

01 Feb 2026
Economic Survey

Budget 2026: Mental health prioritized as Sitharaman announces 'NIMHANS 2' 

In a major push for mental health, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced plans to set up a second National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) in North India.

01 Feb 2026
Climate Change

Budget 2026: ₹20,000cr outlay announced for carbon capture and storage

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a major push for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology in the 2026 Budget.

01 Feb 2026
Bharti Airtel

Budget 2026: 20-year tax holiday to draw data center investments

In a major move to make India a global digital hub, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a proposed 20-year tax holiday for foreign companies setting up data centers and cloud computing infrastructure in the country.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: 3 new AIIMS, 1 girls' hostel per district

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a major initiative in the Union Budget 2026-27. The government will build one girls' hostel in every district of India.

01 Feb 2026
Nirmala Sitharaman

Budget 2026: India sets FY27 fiscal deficit target at 4.3%

The Indian government has announced a fiscal deficit target of 4.3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) for the financial year 2026-27.

01 Feb 2026
Apple

Budget 2026: Sitharaman allocates ₹40,000cr for electronics component manufacturing

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced a major increase in the budget allocation for electronics manufacturing.