Leap second added to the Indian clock

The extra second added to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to synchronize clocks worldwide with Earth's rotation is 'leap second'.

UTC's time-scale combines the output of highly precise Atomic clocks worldwide.

Astronomical Time or Universal Time (UT1) refers to Earth's rotation.

Inserting extra second results in effectively stopping our clocks for that second, giving the Earth the opportunity to catch up with atomic time.

A leap second was inserted into the Indian clock at 5:29:59 hours on 1 Jan'17 to synchronize with Earth's rotational clock.

National Physical Laboratory's atomic clock was programmed to add an extra second to 2017 after 23:59:59 on 31 Dec to compensate for an Earth's rotational slowdown.

Leap second hardly impacts normal life but is important in fields like satellite navigation, astronomy, and communication.

NPL Director DK Aswal said Earth's rotation isn't regular; sometimes it speeds up or slows down due to factors like earthquakes and moon's gravitational forces resulting in ocean tides.

So, Astronomical Time (UT1) gradually falls out of sync with the Atomic Time (UTC).

When the difference between UT1 and UTC reaches 0.9 seconds, a leap second is inserted into UTC through atomic clocks worldwide.

Atomic clocks are very precise and the margin of error in their functioning is only a second in 100 million years.

To be in sync with the Indian Standard Time and Earth's rotational clock, the Indian clock needs to be adjusted after adding the leap second.

The Indian atomic clock was synchronized with the atomic clock of France's International Bureau of Weight and Measure.

Insertion of the leap second to the Indian clock is done by the NPL under the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (SCIR).

One of India's oldest laboratories - NPL - has five atomic clocks.

There are nearly 300 atomic clocks in the world.

Those utilizing CSIR-NPL time have received the corrected time after the leap second was added to the Indian clock.